Seeding or planting to revegetate the world's degraded land: systematic review and experimentation to address methodological issues

Revegetation is key to achieve the goals of UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration. For many situations and plant species, selecting direct seeding or planting can define revegetation success. However, there no clarity about when one method should be preferred over other, partly driven by methodological difficulties that preclude avoiding bias during experimentation. To move debate forward, (1) we propose a systematic review studies compare planting, including how they have handled bias; (2) describe an ongoing experiment tests different ways handle comparing with planting.